Cognitive disorders are organic mental disorders and are either temporary or permanent dysfunctions of the brain caused by neuralgic diseases, general medical conditions, or chemicals. The disorders commonly diagnosed as cognitive are delirium (deterioration of intellectual function) and dementia (the deterioration of intellectual ability, forgetfulness, and severe memory impairment).

Signs and Symptoms
Delirium produces a temporary state of mental confusion and clouded consciousness that can result from high fever, intoxication, shock, or other causes. Anxiety, disorientation, hallucinations, delusions, trembling, and incoherent speech can all characterize delirium.

Chronic dementia, such as Alzheimers disease, is the result of deterioration of intellectual function, concentration, and judgement caused by an organic disease or a disorder of the brain. This is a progressive, chronic illness that always includes two symptoms: loss of cognitive function and memory impairment. This serious mental disorder impairs a persons capacity to function normally and safely and is often accompanied by emotional disturbance and by personality changes.

Recommended Course of Treatment
A thorough evaluation is required for diagnosis. Delirium usually requires short-term medication and close supervision. People with dementia need medication and a highly structured environment. As the illness progresses, they need increased structure in their lives. For instance at the onset of the illness many Alzheimer's patients may be able to live at home with family and require visits from a home health nurse or participation in a day treatment program. As time passes, they may reach a point where round-the-clock care from a nursing home or similar facility is required.

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Major Mental Illnesses