Bipolar is a medical illness producing emotional symptoms. Characterized by episodes of "highs" and "lows", the disorder is generally accompanied by manic or depressive symptoms not due to any other physical or mental disorder, or caused by drug or alcohol use. There are changes in mood marked by extreme sadness, extreme excitement, or a combination of both. In the depression phase, there is an abnormal degree of sadness. In the mania phase, abnormal elation and increased activity occur.

Signs and Symptoms
Common symptoms are changes in thinking, energy, daily activity, sleep patterns, appetite, speech, sex drive, self-esteem, and interpersonal relations. Irritability may be seen in both depressive and manic states.

People in the manic phase experience euphoria (an exaggerated sense of wellbeing) and an increased rate of thinking. They find they have an increase in activity and require little sleep. They also often have a loss of judgement and self-control, a false sense of their abilities, and will make impulsive decisions.

During periods of depression, people with bipolar disorder feel extreme sadness, tearfulness with no reason, and hostility. Loss of energy, fatigue, and loss of interest in usual activities may also occur. The ability to think or to concentrate is diminished, and feelings of unfounded guilt and worthlessness may grow.

Recommended Course of Treatment
An effective treatment plan treats the medical symptoms, encourages the patient to recognize the signs and symptoms of the illness, and to develop ways of coping through professional counseling. More than 75 percent of individuals respond well to treatment. If untreated, episodes tend to recur and may continue throughout life with increasing frequency and severity. Modern effective and safe medications can help those with a recurring bipolar disorder live useful and productive lifes.

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Major Mental Illnesses